From 1992 to 2011, women comprised fewer than four per cent of signatories to peace agreements and less than ten per cent of negotiators at peace tables. Progress is being made-in 2013, more than half of all peace agreements signed included references to women, peace and security. It recognizes that war, impacts women differently, and reaffirms the need to increase women’s role in decision-making related to conflict prevention and resolution. In 2000, the UN Security Council adopted the groundbreaking resolution 1325 (2000) on women, peace and security. According to the United Nations Refugee Agency, women comprise 49 per cent of the refugees worldwide (based on available data) mostly as a result of conflict, and are often put at greater hardship than men in these situations based upon their gender. Often the only recourse is to flee within countries or across borders. Essential health services crumble, underlined by a maternal mortality rate that is 2.5 times higher on average, in conflict and post-conflict countries. It renders women acutely vulnerable to poverty, the loss of jobs and the destruction of assets such as homes. Conflict spurs much higher rates of sexual violence. Women usually don’t start wars, but they do suffer heavily from the consequences.
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